Source for file Worksheet.php
Documentation is available at Worksheet.php
* Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011 PHPExcel
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
* @package PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011 PHPExcel (http://www.codeplex.com/PHPExcel)
* @license http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt LGPL
* @version 1.7.6, 2011-02-27
// Original file header of PEAR::Spreadsheet_Excel_Writer_Worksheet (used as the base for this class):
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// * Module written/ported by Xavier Noguer <xnoguer@rezebra.com>
// * The majority of this is _NOT_ my code. I simply ported it from the
// * PERL Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.
// * The author of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module is John McNamara
// * <jmcnamara@cpan.org>
// * I _DO_ maintain this code, and John McNamara has nothing to do with the
// * porting of this code to PHP. Any questions directly related to this
// * class library should be directed to me.
// * License Information:
// * Spreadsheet_Excel_Writer: A library for generating Excel Spreadsheets
// * Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Xavier Noguer xnoguer@rezebra.com
// * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
// * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
// * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
// * Lesser General Public License for more details.
// * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
// * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
// * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
* PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5_Worksheet
* @package PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011 PHPExcel (http://www.codeplex.com/PHPExcel)
* @var PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5_Parser
* Maximum number of characters for a string (LABEL record in BIFF5)
* Array containing format information for columns
* Array containing the selected area for the worksheet
* The active pane for the worksheet
* Whether to use outline.
* Whether to have outline summary below.
* Whether to have outline summary at the right.
* Reference to the total number of strings in the workbook
* Reference to the number of unique strings in the workbook
* Reference to the array containing all the unique strings in the workbook
* Index of first used row (at least 0)
* Index of last used row. (no used rows means -1)
* Index of first used column (at least 0)
private $_firstColumnIndex;
* Index of last used column (no used columns means -1)
private $_lastColumnIndex;
* @var PHPExcel_Worksheet
private $_countCellStyleXfs;
* Escher object corresponding to MSODRAWING
* @var PHPExcel_Shared_Escher
* @param int $BIFF_version BIFF version
* @param int $str_total Total number of strings
* @param int $str_unique Total number of unique strings
* @param array $str_table
* @param mixed $parser The formula parser created for the Workbook
* @param string $tempDir The temporary directory to be used
* @param PHPExcel_Worksheet $phpSheet
&$str_unique, &$str_table, &$colors,
$parser, $preCalculateFormulas, $phpSheet)
// It needs to call its parent's constructor explicitly
if ($BIFF_version == 0x0600) {
// change BIFFwriter limit for CONTINUE records
$this->_preCalculateFormulas = $preCalculateFormulas;
$this->_colors = &$colors;
$this->_parser = $parser;
$this->_phpSheet = $phpSheet;
//$this->ext_sheets = array();
$this->_print_headers = 0;
// calculate values for DIMENSIONS record
foreach ($this->_phpSheet->getCellCollection(false) as $cellID) {
list ($c,$r) = sscanf($cellID,'%[A-Z]%d');
// Determine lowest and highest column and row
$this->_firstRowIndex = (count($row) > 0) ? min($row) : 1;
$this->_lastRowIndex = (count($row) > 0) ? max($row) : 1;
if ($this->_firstRowIndex > 65535) $this->_firstRowIndex = 65535;
if ($this->_lastRowIndex > 65535) $this->_lastRowIndex = 65535;
if ($this->_firstColumnIndex > 255) $this->_firstColumnIndex = 255;
if ($this->_lastColumnIndex > 255) $this->_lastColumnIndex = 255;
$this->_countCellStyleXfs = count($phpSheet->getParent()->getCellStyleXfCollection());
* Add data to the beginning of the workbook (note the reverse order)
* and to the end of the workbook.
* @see PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5_Workbook::storeWorkbook()
$num_sheets = $this->_phpSheet->getParent()->getSheetCount();
$this->_storeBof(0x0010);
$this->_writePrintHeaders();
$this->_writePrintGridlines();
// Calculate column widths
$this->_phpSheet->calculateColumnWidths();
$columnDimensions = $this->_phpSheet->getColumnDimensions();
for ($i = 0; $i <= $maxCol; ++ $i) {
$xfIndex = 15; // there are 15 cell style Xfs
if ($this->_phpSheet->getDefaultColumnDimension()->getWidth() >= 0) {
$width = $this->_phpSheet->getDefaultColumnDimension()->getWidth();
if (isset ($columnDimensions[$columnLetter])) {
$columnDimension = $columnDimensions[$columnLetter];
if ($columnDimension->getWidth() >= 0) {
$width = $columnDimension->getWidth();
$hidden = $columnDimension->getVisible() ? 0 : 1;
$level = $columnDimension->getOutlineLevel();
$xfIndex = $columnDimension->getXfIndex() + 15; // there are 15 cell style Xfs
// Components of _colinfo:
// $firstcol first column on the range
// $lastcol last column on the range
// $xfIndex The optional cell style Xf index to apply to the columns
// $hidden The optional hidden atribute
// $level The optional outline level
$this->_colinfo[] = array($i, $i, $width, $xfIndex, $hidden, $level);
// Write DEFAULTROWHEIGHT
$this->_writeDefaultRowHeight();
// Write horizontal and vertical page breaks
// Write page horizontal centering
// Write page vertical centering
$this->_writeMarginLeft();
$this->_writeMarginRight();
$this->_writeMarginTop();
$this->_writeMarginBottom();
// Write sheet protection
$this->_writeScenProtect();
$this->_writeObjectProtect();
// Write DEFCOLWIDTH record
// Write the COLINFO records if they exist
for ($i = 0; $i < $colcount; ++ $i) {
$this->_writeColinfo($this->_colinfo[$i]);
// Write EXTERNCOUNT of external references
$this->_writeExterncount($num_sheets);
// Write EXTERNSHEET references
for ($i = 0; $i < $num_sheets; ++ $i) {
$this->_writeExternsheet($this->_phpSheet->getParent()->getSheet($i)->getTitle());
// Write sheet dimensions
$this->_writeDimensions();
foreach ($this->_phpSheet->getRowDimensions() as $rowDimension) {
$xfIndex = $rowDimension->getXfIndex() + 15; // there are 15 cellXfs
$this->_writeRow( $rowDimension->getRowIndex() - 1, $rowDimension->getRowHeight(), $xfIndex, ($rowDimension->getVisible() ? '0' : '1'), $rowDimension->getOutlineLevel() );
foreach ($this->_phpSheet->getCellCollection() as $cellID) {
$cell = $this->_phpSheet->getCell($cellID);
$row = $cell->getRow() - 1;
if ($row + 1 > 65536 or $column + 1 > 256) {
$xfIndex = $cell->getXfIndex() + 15; // there are 15 cell style Xfs
$this->_writeString($row, $column, $cell->getValue()->getPlainText(), $xfIndex);
switch ($cell->getDatatype()) {
if ($cell->getValue() === '' or $cell->getValue() === null) {
$this->_writeBlank($row, $column, $xfIndex);
$this->_writeString($row, $column, $cell->getValue(), $xfIndex);
$calculatedValue = $this->_preCalculateFormulas ?
$cell->getCalculatedValue() : null;
$this->_writeFormula($row, $column, $cell->getValue(), $xfIndex, $calculatedValue);
$this->_writeBoolErr($row, $column, $cell->getValue(), 0, $xfIndex);
$this->_writeBoolErr($row, $column, $this->_mapErrorCode($cell->getValue()), 1, $xfIndex);
$this->_writeNumber($row, $column, $cell->getValue(), $xfIndex);
$this->_writeMsoDrawing();
if ($this->_phpSheet->getFreezePane()) {
$this->_writeSelection();
$this->_writeMergedCells();
foreach ($this->_phpSheet->getHyperLinkCollection() as $coordinate => $hyperlink) {
$url = $hyperlink->getUrl();
if ( strpos($url, 'sheet://') !== false ) {
// internal to current workbook
} else if ( preg_match('/^(http:|https:|ftp:|mailto:)/', $url) ) {
$url = 'external:' . $url;
$this->_writeDataValidity();
$this->_writeSheetLayout();
$this->_writeSheetProtection();
$this->_writeRangeProtection();
* Write a cell range address in BIFF8
* See section 2.5.14 in OpenOffice.org's Documentation of the Microsoft Excel File Format
* @param string $range E.g. 'A1' or 'A1:B6'
* @return string Binary data
private function _writeBIFF8CellRangeAddressFixed($range = 'A1')
// extract first cell, e.g. 'A1'
$firstCell = $explodes[0];
// extract last cell, e.g. 'B6'
if (count($explodes) == 1) {
$lastCell = $explodes[1];
$firstCellCoordinates[1] - 1,
$lastCellCoordinates[1] - 1,
* Retrieves data from memory in one chunk, or from disk in $buffer
* @return string The data
// Return data stored in memory
if (isset ($this->_data)) {
* Set the option to print the row and column headers on the printed page.
* @param integer $print Whether to print the headers or not. Defaults to 1 (print).
$this->_print_headers = $print;
* This method sets the properties for outlining and grouping. The defaults
* correspond to Excel's defaults.
* @param bool $symbols_below
* @param bool $symbols_right
* @param bool $auto_style
function setOutline($visible = true, $symbols_below = true, $symbols_right = true, $auto_style = false)
// Ensure this is a boolean vale for Window2
* Write a double to the specified row and column (zero indexed).
* An integer can be written as a double. Excel will display an
* integer. $format is optional.
* Returns 0 : normal termination
* -2 : row or column out of range
* @param integer $row Zero indexed row
* @param integer $col Zero indexed column
* @param float $num The number to write
* @param mixed $format The optional XF format
private function _writeNumber($row, $col, $num, $xfIndex)
$record = 0x0203; // Record identifier
$length = 0x000E; // Number of bytes to follow
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvv", $row, $col, $xfIndex);
$xl_double = pack("d", $num);
$xl_double = strrev($xl_double);
$this->_append($header. $data. $xl_double);
* Write a LABELSST record or a LABEL record. Which one depends on BIFF version
* @param int $row Row index (0-based)
* @param int $col Column index (0-based)
* @param string $str The string
* @param int $xfIndex Index to XF record
private function _writeString($row, $col, $str, $xfIndex)
$this->_writeLabelSst($row, $col, $str, $xfIndex);
$this->_writeLabel($row, $col, $str, $xfIndex);
* Write a string to the specified row and column (zero indexed).
* NOTE: there is an Excel 5 defined limit of 255 characters.
* Returns 0 : normal termination
* -2 : row or column out of range
* -3 : long string truncated to 255 chars
* @param integer $row Zero indexed row
* @param integer $col Zero indexed column
* @param string $str The string to write
* @param mixed $format The XF format for the cell
private function _writeLabel($row, $col, $str, $xfIndex)
$record = 0x0204; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0008 + $strlen; // Bytes to follow
if ($strlen > $this->_xls_strmax) { // LABEL must be < 255 chars
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvvv", $row, $col, $xfIndex, $strlen);
$this->_append($header . $data . $str);
* Write a string to the specified row and column (zero indexed).
* This is the BIFF8 version (no 255 chars limit).
* Returns 0 : normal termination
* -2 : row or column out of range
* -3 : long string truncated to 255 chars
* @param integer $row Zero indexed row
* @param integer $col Zero indexed column
* @param string $str The string to write
* @param mixed $format The XF format for the cell
private function _writeLabelSst($row, $col, $str, $xfIndex)
$record = 0x00FD; // Record identifier
$length = 0x000A; // Bytes to follow
/* check if string is already present */
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
$this->_append($header. $data);
* Writes a note associated with the cell given by the row and column.
* NOTE records don't have a length limit.
* @param integer $row Zero indexed row
* @param integer $col Zero indexed column
* @param string $note The note to write
private function _writeNote($row, $col, $note)
$record = 0x001C; // Record identifier
$max_length = 2048; // Maximun length for a NOTE record
//$length = 0x0006 + $note_length; // Bytes to follow
// Length for this record is no more than 2048 + 6
$length = 0x0006 + min($note_length, 2048);
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvv", $row, $col, $note_length);
$this->_append($header . $data . substr($note, 0, 2048));
for ($i = $max_length; $i < $note_length; $i += $max_length) {
$chunk = substr($note, $i, $max_length);
$length = 0x0006 + strlen($chunk);
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$this->_append($header. $data. $chunk);
* Write a blank cell to the specified row and column (zero indexed).
* A blank cell is used to specify formatting without adding a string
* A blank cell without a format serves no purpose. Therefore, we don't write
* a BLANK record unless a format is specified.
* Returns 0 : normal termination (including no format)
* -1 : insufficient number of arguments
* -2 : row or column out of range
* @param integer $row Zero indexed row
* @param integer $col Zero indexed column
* @param mixed $format The XF format
function _writeBlank($row, $col, $xfIndex)
$record = 0x0201; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0006; // Number of bytes to follow
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvv", $row, $col, $xfIndex);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write a boolean or an error type to the specified row and column (zero indexed)
* @param int $row Row index (0-based)
* @param int $col Column index (0-based)
* @param boolean $isError Error or Boolean?
private function _writeBoolErr($row, $col, $value, $isError, $xfIndex)
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvvCC", $row, $col, $xfIndex, $value, $isError);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write a formula to the specified row and column (zero indexed).
* The textual representation of the formula is passed to the parser in
* Parser.php which returns a packed binary string.
* Returns 0 : normal termination
* -1 : formula errors (bad formula)
* -2 : row or column out of range
* @param integer $row Zero indexed row
* @param integer $col Zero indexed column
* @param string $formula The formula text string
* @param mixed $format The optional XF format
* @param mixed $calculatedValue Calculated value
private function _writeFormula($row, $col, $formula, $xfIndex, $calculatedValue)
$record = 0x0006; // Record identifier
// Initialize possible additional value for STRING record that should be written after the FORMULA record?
if (isset ($calculatedValue)) {
// Since we can't yet get the data type of the calculated value,
// we use best effort to determine data type
$num = pack('CCCvCv', 0x01, 0x00, (int) $calculatedValue, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFFFF);
$num = pack('d', $calculatedValue);
$num = pack('CCCvCv', 0x02, 0x00, $this->_mapErrorCode($calculatedValue), 0x00, 0x00, 0xFFFF);
} elseif ($calculatedValue === '' && $this->_BIFF_version == 0x0600) {
// Empty string (and BIFF8)
$num = pack('CCCvCv', 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFFFF);
// Non-empty string value (or empty string BIFF5)
$stringValue = $calculatedValue;
$num = pack('CCCvCv', 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFFFF);
// We are really not supposed to reach here
$grbit = 0x03; // Option flags
$unknown = 0x0000; // Must be zero
// Strip the '=' or '@' sign at the beginning of the formula string
if ($formula{0} == '=') {
$formula = substr($formula,1);
$this->_writeString($row, $col, 'Unrecognised character for formula');
// Parse the formula using the parser in Parser.php
$error = $this->_parser->parse($formula);
$formlen = strlen($formula); // Length of the binary string
$length = 0x16 + $formlen; // Length of the record data
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvv", $row, $col, $xfIndex)
. pack("vVv", $grbit, $unknown, $formlen);
$this->_append($header . $data . $formula);
// Append also a STRING record if necessary
if ($stringValue !== null) {
$this->_writeStringRecord($stringValue);
* Write a STRING record. This
* @param string $stringValue
private function _writeStringRecord($stringValue)
$record = 0x0207; // Record identifier
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* This is comprised of two elements: the visible label and
* the invisible link. The visible label is the same as the link unless an
* alternative string is specified. The label is written using the
* _writeString() method. Therefore the 255 characters string limit applies.
* $string and $format are optional.
* The hyperlink can be to a http, ftp, mail, internal sheet (not yet), or external
* Returns 0 : normal termination
* -2 : row or column out of range
* -3 : long string truncated to 255 chars
* @param integer $row Row
* @param integer $col Column
* @param string $url URL string
private function _writeUrl($row, $col, $url)
// Add start row and col to arg list
return($this->_writeUrlRange($row, $col, $row, $col, $url));
* This is the more general form of _writeUrl(). It allows a hyperlink to be
* written to a range of cells. This function also decides the type of hyperlink
* to be written. These are either, Web (http, ftp, mailto), Internal
* (Sheet1!A1) or external ('c:\temp\foo.xls#Sheet1!A1').
* @param integer $row1 Start row
* @param integer $col1 Start column
* @param integer $row2 End row
* @param integer $col2 End column
* @param string $url URL string
function _writeUrlRange($row1, $col1, $row2, $col2, $url)
// Check for internal/external sheet links or default to web link
return($this->_writeUrlInternal($row1, $col1, $row2, $col2, $url));
return($this->_writeUrlExternal($row1, $col1, $row2, $col2, $url));
return($this->_writeUrlWeb($row1, $col1, $row2, $col2, $url));
* Used to write http, ftp and mailto hyperlinks.
* The link type ($options) is 0x03 is the same as absolute dir ref without
* sheet. However it is differentiated by the $unknown2 data stream.
* @param integer $row1 Start row
* @param integer $col1 Start column
* @param integer $row2 End row
* @param integer $col2 End column
* @param string $url URL string
function _writeUrlWeb($row1, $col1, $row2, $col2, $url)
$record = 0x01B8; // Record identifier
$length = 0x00000; // Bytes to follow
// Pack the undocumented parts of the hyperlink stream
$unknown1 = pack("H*", "D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000");
$unknown2 = pack("H*", "E0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B");
$options = pack("V", 0x03);
// Convert URL to a null terminated wchar string
// Pack the length of the URL
// Calculate the data length
$length = 0x34 + strlen($url);
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvvv", $row1, $row2, $col1, $col2);
$this->_append($header . $data .
$unknown2 . $url_len . $url);
* Used to write internal reference hyperlinks such as "Sheet1!A1".
* @param integer $row1 Start row
* @param integer $col1 Start column
* @param integer $row2 End row
* @param integer $col2 End column
* @param string $url URL string
function _writeUrlInternal($row1, $col1, $row2, $col2, $url)
$record = 0x01B8; // Record identifier
$length = 0x00000; // Bytes to follow
// Pack the undocumented parts of the hyperlink stream
$unknown1 = pack("H*", "D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000");
$options = pack("V", 0x08);
// Convert the URL type and to a null terminated wchar string
$url_len = pack('V', $url_len);
// Calculate the data length
$length = 0x24 + strlen($url);
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvvv", $row1, $row2, $col1, $col2);
$this->_append($header . $data .
* Write links to external directory names such as 'c:\foo.xls',
* c:\foo.xls#Sheet1!A1', '../../foo.xls'. and '../../foo.xls#Sheet1!A1'.
* Note: Excel writes some relative links with the $dir_long string. We ignore
* these cases for the sake of simpler code.
* @param integer $row1 Start row
* @param integer $col1 Start column
* @param integer $row2 End row
* @param integer $col2 End column
* @param string $url URL string
function _writeUrlExternal($row1, $col1, $row2, $col2, $url)
// Network drives are different. We will handle them separately
// MS/Novell network drives and shares start with \\
return; //($this->_writeUrlExternal_net($row1, $col1, $row2, $col2, $url, $str, $format));
$record = 0x01B8; // Record identifier
$length = 0x00000; // Bytes to follow
// Strip URL type and change Unix dir separator to Dos style (if needed)
// Determine if the link is relative or absolute:
// relative if link contains no dir separator, "somefile.xls"
// relative if link starts with up-dir, "..\..\somefile.xls"
$absolute = 0x00; // relative path
$absolute = 0x02; // absolute path on Windows, e.g. C:\...
$link_type = 0x01 | $absolute;
// Determine if the link contains a sheet reference and change some of the
// parameters accordingly.
// Split the dir name and sheet name (if it exists)
$link_type = pack("V", $link_type);
// Calculate the up-level dir count e.g.. (..\..\..\ == 3)
$up_count = pack("v", $up_count);
// Store the short dos dir name (null terminated)
$dir_short = preg_replace("/\.\.\\\/", '', $dir_long) . "\0";
// Store the long dir name as a wchar string (non-null terminated)
$dir_long = $dir_long . "\0";
// Pack the lengths of the dir strings
$stream_len = pack("V", 0);//strlen($dir_long) + 0x06);
// Pack the undocumented parts of the hyperlink stream
$unknown1 = pack("H*",'D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000' );
$unknown2 = pack("H*",'0303000000000000C000000000000046' );
$unknown3 = pack("H*",'FFFFADDE000000000000000000000000000000000000000');
$unknown4 = pack("v", 0x03 );
// Pack the main data stream
$data = pack("vvvv", $row1, $row2, $col1, $col2) .
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$this->_append($header. $data);
* This method is used to set the height and format for a row.
* @param integer $row The row to set
* @param integer $height Height we are giving to the row.
* Use null to set XF without setting height
* @param integer $xfIndex The optional cell style Xf index to apply to the columns
* @param bool $hidden The optional hidden attribute
* @param integer $level The optional outline level for row, in range [0,7]
private function _writeRow($row, $height, $xfIndex, $hidden = false, $level = 0)
$record = 0x0208; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0010; // Number of bytes to follow
$colMic = 0x0000; // First defined column
$colMac = 0x0000; // Last defined column
$irwMac = 0x0000; // Used by Excel to optimise loading
$reserved = 0x0000; // Reserved
$grbit = 0x0000; // Option flags
// Use _writeRow($row, null, $XF) to set XF format without setting height
$miyRw = $height * 20; // row height
$miyRw = 0xff; // default row height is 256
// Set the options flags. fUnsynced is used to show that the font and row
// heights are not compatible. This is usually the case for WriteExcel.
// The collapsed flag 0x10 doesn't seem to be used to indicate that a row
// is collapsed. Instead it is used to indicate that the previous row is
// collapsed. The zero height flag, 0x20, is used to collapse a row.
$grbit |= 0x0040; // fUnsynced
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvvvvvvv", $row, $colMic, $colMac, $miyRw,
$irwMac,$reserved, $grbit, $ixfe);
$this->_append($header. $data);
* Writes Excel DIMENSIONS to define the area in which there is data.
private function _writeDimensions()
$record = 0x0200; // Record identifier
$length = 0x000A; // Number of bytes to follow
, $this->_lastRowIndex + 1
, $this->_firstColumnIndex
, $this->_lastColumnIndex + 1
, $this->_lastRowIndex + 1
, $this->_firstColumnIndex
, $this->_lastColumnIndex + 1
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$this->_append($header. $data);
* Write BIFF record Window2.
private function _writeWindow2()
$record = 0x023E; // Record identifier
$length = 0x000A; // Number of bytes to follow
$grbit = 0x00B6; // Option flags
$rwTop = 0x0000; // Top row visible in window
$colLeft = 0x0000; // Leftmost column visible in window
// The options flags that comprise $grbit
$fDspFmla = 0; // 0 - bit
$fDspGrid = $this->_phpSheet->getShowGridlines() ? 1 : 0; // 1
$fDspRwCol = $this->_phpSheet->getShowRowColHeaders() ? 1 : 0; // 2
$fFrozen = $this->_phpSheet->getFreezePane() ? 1 : 0; // 3
$fArabic = $this->_phpSheet->getRightToLeft() ? 1 : 0; // 6
$fFrozenNoSplit = 0; // 0 - bit
// no support in PHPExcel for selected sheet, therefore sheet is only selected if it is the active sheet
$fSelected = ($this->_phpSheet === $this->_phpSheet->getParent()->getActiveSheet()) ? 1 : 0;
$grbit |= $fDspGrid << 1;
$grbit |= $fDspRwCol << 2;
$grbit |= $fDspZeros << 4;
$grbit |= $fDefaultHdr << 5;
$grbit |= $fDspGuts << 7;
$grbit |= $fFrozenNoSplit << 8;
$grbit |= $fSelected << 9;
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvv", $grbit, $rwTop, $colLeft);
$rgbHdr = 0x00000000; // Row/column heading and gridline color
$data .= pack("V", $rgbHdr);
$rgbHdr = 0x0040; // Row/column heading and gridline color index
$zoom_factor_page_break = 0x0000;
$zoom_factor_normal = 0x0000;
$data .= pack("vvvvV", $rgbHdr, 0x0000, $zoom_factor_page_break, $zoom_factor_normal, 0x00000000);
$this->_append($header. $data);
* Write BIFF record DEFAULTROWHEIGHT.
private function _writeDefaultRowHeight()
$defaultRowHeight = $this->_phpSheet->getDefaultRowDimension()->getRowHeight();
if ($defaultRowHeight < 0) {
$defaultRowHeight = (int) 20 * $defaultRowHeight;
$record = 0x0225; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0004; // Number of bytes to follow
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vv", 1, $defaultRowHeight);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write BIFF record DEFCOLWIDTH if COLINFO records are in use.
private function _writeDefcol()
$record = 0x0055; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Number of bytes to follow
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $defaultColWidth);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write BIFF record COLINFO to define column widths
* Note: The SDK says the record length is 0x0B but Excel writes a 0x0C
* @param array $col_array This is the only parameter received and is composed of the following:
* 0 => First formatted column,
* 1 => Last formatted column,
* 2 => Col width (8.43 is Excel default),
* 3 => The optional XF format of the column,
* 5 => Optional outline level
private function _writeColinfo($col_array)
if (isset ($col_array[0])) {
$colFirst = $col_array[0];
if (isset ($col_array[1])) {
$colLast = $col_array[1];
if (isset ($col_array[2])) {
if (isset ($col_array[3])) {
$xfIndex = $col_array[3];
if (isset ($col_array[4])) {
if (isset ($col_array[5])) {
$record = 0x007D; // Record identifier
$length = 0x000C; // Number of bytes to follow
$coldx *= 256; // Convert to units of 1/256 of a char
$reserved = 0x0000; // Reserved
$level = max(0, min($level, 7));
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvvvvv", $colFirst, $colLast, $coldx,
$ixfe, $grbit, $reserved);
$this->_append($header. $data);
* Write BIFF record SELECTION.
private function _writeSelection()
// look up the selected cell range
$selectedCells = $this->_phpSheet->getSelectedCells();
$selectedCells = $selectedCells[0];
if (count($selectedCells) == 2) {
list ($first, $last) = $selectedCells;
$first = $selectedCells[0];
$last = $selectedCells[0];
-- $rwFirst; // base 0 row index
-- $rwLast; // base 0 row index
// make sure we are not out of bounds
$colFirst = min($colFirst, 255);
$colLast = min($colLast, 255);
$rwFirst = min($rwFirst, 65535);
$rwLast = min($rwLast, 65535);
$rwFirst = min($rwFirst, 16383);
$rwLast = min($rwLast, 16383);
$record = 0x001D; // Record identifier
$length = 0x000F; // Number of bytes to follow
$rwAct = $rwFirst; // Active row
$colAct = $colFirst; // Active column
$irefAct = 0; // Active cell ref
$cref = 1; // Number of refs
$rwLast = $rwFirst; // Last row in reference
$colLast = $colFirst; // Last col in reference
// Swap last row/col for first row/col as necessary
if ($rwFirst > $rwLast) {
list ($rwFirst, $rwLast) = array($rwLast, $rwFirst);
if ($colFirst > $colLast) {
list ($colFirst, $colLast) = array($colLast, $colFirst);
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("CvvvvvvCC", $pnn, $rwAct, $colAct,
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Store the MERGEDCELLS records for all ranges of merged cells
private function _writeMergedCells()
$mergeCells = $this->_phpSheet->getMergeCells();
$countMergeCells = count($mergeCells);
if ($countMergeCells == 0) {
// maximum allowed number of merged cells per record
$maxCountMergeCellsPerRecord = 1027;
$maxCountMergeCellsPerRecord = 259;
// counter for total number of merged cells treated so far by the writer
// counter for number of merged cells written in record currently being written
// initialize record data
// loop through the merged cells
foreach ($mergeCells as $mergeCell) {
// extract the row and column indexes
list ($first, $last) = $range[0];
// flush record if we have reached limit for number of merged cells, or reached final merged cell
if ($j == $maxCountMergeCellsPerRecord or $i == $countMergeCells) {
$recordData = pack('v', $j) . $recordData;
$length = strlen($recordData);
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $recordData);
// initialize for next record, if any
* Write SHEETLAYOUT record
private function _writeSheetLayout()
if (!$this->_phpSheet->isTabColorSet()) {
, 0x00000014 // size of record data
, $this->_colors[$this->_phpSheet->getTabColor()->getRGB()] // color index
$length = strlen($recordData);
$record = 0x0862; // Record identifier
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $recordData);
private function _writeSheetProtection()
$options = (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getObjects()
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getScenarios() << 1
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getFormatCells() << 2
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getFormatColumns() << 3
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getFormatRows() << 4
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getInsertColumns() << 5
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getInsertRows() << 6
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getInsertHyperlinks() << 7
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getDeleteColumns() << 8
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getDeleteRows() << 9
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getSelectLockedCells() << 10
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getSort() << 11
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getAutoFilter() << 12
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getPivotTables() << 13
| (int) !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getSelectUnlockedCells() << 14 ;
, 0x0867 // repeated record identifier
, 0x01000200 // unknown data
, 0xFFFFFFFF // unknown data
$length = strlen($recordData);
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $recordData);
* Write BIFF record RANGEPROTECTION
* Openoffice.org's Documentaion of the Microsoft Excel File Format uses term RANGEPROTECTION for these records
* Microsoft Office Excel 97-2007 Binary File Format Specification uses term FEAT for these records
private function _writeRangeProtection()
foreach ($this->_phpSheet->getProtectedCells() as $range => $password) {
// number of ranges, e.g. 'A1:B3 C20:D25'
$cellRanges = explode(' ', $range);
$cref = count($cellRanges);
foreach ($cellRanges as $cellRange) {
$recordData .= $this->_writeBIFF8CellRangeAddressFixed($cellRange);
$length = strlen($recordData);
$record = 0x0868; // Record identifier
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $recordData);
* Write BIFF record EXTERNCOUNT to indicate the number of external sheet
* references in a worksheet.
* Excel only stores references to external sheets that are used in formulas.
* For simplicity we store references to all the sheets in the workbook
* regardless of whether they are used or not. This reduces the overall
* complexity and eliminates the need for a two way dialogue between the formula
* parser the worksheet objects.
* @param integer $count The number of external sheet references in this worksheet
private function _writeExterncount($count)
$record = 0x0016; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Number of bytes to follow
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $count);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Writes the Excel BIFF EXTERNSHEET record. These references are used by
* formulas. A formula references a sheet name via an index. Since we store a
* reference to all of the external worksheets the EXTERNSHEET index is the same
* as the worksheet index.
* @param string $sheetname The name of a external worksheet
private function _writeExternsheet($sheetname)
$record = 0x0017; // Record identifier
// References to the current sheet are encoded differently to references to
if ($this->_phpSheet->getTitle() == $sheetname) {
$length = 0x02; // The following 2 bytes
$cch = 1; // The following byte
$rgch = 0x02; // Self reference
$length = 0x02 + strlen($sheetname);
$rgch = 0x03; // Reference to a sheet in the current workbook
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("CC", $cch, $rgch);
$this->_append($header . $data . $sheetname);
* Writes the Excel BIFF PANE record.
* The panes can either be frozen or thawed (unfrozen).
* Frozen panes are specified in terms of an integer number of rows and columns.
* Thawed panes are specified in terms of Excel's units for rows and columns.
private function _writePanes()
if ($freezePane = $this->_phpSheet->getFreezePane()) {
$y = isset ($panes[0]) ? $panes[0] : null;
$x = isset ($panes[1]) ? $panes[1] : null;
$rwTop = isset ($panes[2]) ? $panes[2] : null;
$colLeft = isset ($panes[3]) ? $panes[3] : null;
if (count($panes) > 4) { // if Active pane was received
$record = 0x0041; // Record identifier
$length = 0x000A; // Number of bytes to follow
// Code specific to frozen or thawed panes.
if ($this->_phpSheet->getFreezePane()) {
// Set default values for $rwTop and $colLeft
// Set default values for $rwTop and $colLeft
// Convert Excel's row and column units to the internal units.
// The default row height is 12.75
// The default column width is 8.43
// The following slope and intersection values were interpolated.
// Determine which pane should be active. There is also the undocumented
// option to override this should it be necessary: may be removed later.
if ($x != 0 && $y != 0) {
$pnnAct = 0; // Bottom right
if ($x != 0 && $y == 0) {
$pnnAct = 1; // Top right
if ($x == 0 && $y != 0) {
$pnnAct = 2; // Bottom left
if ($x == 0 && $y == 0) {
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvvvv", $x, $y, $rwTop, $colLeft, $pnnAct);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Store the page setup SETUP BIFF record.
private function _writeSetup()
$record = 0x00A1; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0022; // Number of bytes to follow
$iPaperSize = $this->_phpSheet->getPageSetup()->getPaperSize(); // Paper size
$iScale = $this->_phpSheet->getPageSetup()->getScale() ?
$this->_phpSheet->getPageSetup()->getScale() : 100; // Print scaling factor
$iPageStart = 0x01; // Starting page number
$iFitWidth = (int) $this->_phpSheet->getPageSetup()->getFitToWidth(); // Fit to number of pages wide
$iFitHeight = (int) $this->_phpSheet->getPageSetup()->getFitToHeight(); // Fit to number of pages high
$grbit = 0x00; // Option flags
$iRes = 0x0258; // Print resolution
$iVRes = 0x0258; // Vertical print resolution
$numHdr = $this->_phpSheet->getPageMargins()->getHeader(); // Header Margin
$numFtr = $this->_phpSheet->getPageMargins()->getFooter(); // Footer Margin
$iCopies = 0x01; // Number of copies
$fLeftToRight = 0x0; // Print over then down
$fNoPls = 0x0; // Setup not read from printer
$fNoColor = 0x0; // Print black and white
$fDraft = 0x0; // Print draft quality
$fNotes = 0x0; // Print notes
$fNoOrient = 0x0; // Orientation not set
$fUsePage = 0x0; // Use custom starting page
$grbit |= $fLandscape << 1;
$grbit |= $fNoColor << 3;
$grbit |= $fNoOrient << 6;
$grbit |= $fUsePage << 7;
$numHdr = pack("d", $numHdr);
$numFtr = pack("d", $numFtr);
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data1 = pack("vvvvvvvv", $iPaperSize,
$data2 = $numHdr. $numFtr;
$data3 = pack("v", $iCopies);
$this->_append($header . $data1 . $data2 . $data3);
* Store the header caption BIFF record.
private function _writeHeader()
$record = 0x0014; // Record identifier
// need to fix character count (multibyte!)
if (strlen($this->_phpSheet->getHeaderFooter()->getOddHeader()) <= 255) {
$str = $this->_phpSheet->getHeaderFooter()->getOddHeader(); // header string
$length = strlen($recordData);
$cch = strlen($this->_phpSheet->getHeaderFooter()->getOddHeader()); // Length of header string
$length = 1 + $cch; // Bytes to follow
$recordData = $data . $this->_phpSheet->getHeaderFooter()->getOddHeader();
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $recordData);
* Store the footer caption BIFF record.
private function _writeFooter()
$record = 0x0015; // Record identifier
// need to fix character count (multibyte!)
if (strlen($this->_phpSheet->getHeaderFooter()->getOddFooter()) <= 255) {
$str = $this->_phpSheet->getHeaderFooter()->getOddFooter();
$length = strlen($recordData);
$cch = strlen($this->_phpSheet->getHeaderFooter()->getOddFooter()); // Length of footer string
$recordData = $data . $this->_phpSheet->getHeaderFooter()->getOddFooter();
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $recordData);
* Store the horizontal centering HCENTER BIFF record.
private function _writeHcenter()
$record = 0x0083; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Bytes to follow
$fHCenter = $this->_phpSheet->getPageSetup()->getHorizontalCentered() ? 1 : 0; // Horizontal centering
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $fHCenter);
$this->_append($header. $data);
* Store the vertical centering VCENTER BIFF record.
private function _writeVcenter()
$record = 0x0084; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Bytes to follow
$fVCenter = $this->_phpSheet->getPageSetup()->getVerticalCentered() ? 1 : 0; // Horizontal centering
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $fVCenter);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Store the LEFTMARGIN BIFF record.
private function _writeMarginLeft()
$record = 0x0026; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0008; // Bytes to follow
$margin = $this->_phpSheet->getPageMargins()->getLeft(); // Margin in inches
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("d", $margin);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Store the RIGHTMARGIN BIFF record.
private function _writeMarginRight()
$record = 0x0027; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0008; // Bytes to follow
$margin = $this->_phpSheet->getPageMargins()->getRight(); // Margin in inches
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("d", $margin);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Store the TOPMARGIN BIFF record.
private function _writeMarginTop()
$record = 0x0028; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0008; // Bytes to follow
$margin = $this->_phpSheet->getPageMargins()->getTop(); // Margin in inches
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("d", $margin);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Store the BOTTOMMARGIN BIFF record.
private function _writeMarginBottom()
$record = 0x0029; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0008; // Bytes to follow
$margin = $this->_phpSheet->getPageMargins()->getBottom(); // Margin in inches
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("d", $margin);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write the PRINTHEADERS BIFF record.
private function _writePrintHeaders()
$record = 0x002a; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Bytes to follow
$fPrintRwCol = $this->_print_headers; // Boolean flag
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $fPrintRwCol);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write the PRINTGRIDLINES BIFF record. Must be used in conjunction with the
private function _writePrintGridlines()
$record = 0x002b; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Bytes to follow
$fPrintGrid = $this->_phpSheet->getPrintGridlines() ? 1 : 0; // Boolean flag
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $fPrintGrid);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write the GRIDSET BIFF record. Must be used in conjunction with the
private function _writeGridset()
$record = 0x0082; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Bytes to follow
$fGridSet = !$this->_phpSheet->getPrintGridlines(); // Boolean flag
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $fGridSet);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write the GUTS BIFF record. This is used to configure the gutter margins
* where Excel outline symbols are displayed. The visibility of the gutters is
* controlled by a flag in WSBOOL.
private function _writeGuts()
$record = 0x0080; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0008; // Bytes to follow
$dxRwGut = 0x0000; // Size of row gutter
$dxColGut = 0x0000; // Size of col gutter
// determine maximum row outline level
foreach ($this->_phpSheet->getRowDimensions() as $rowDimension) {
$maxRowOutlineLevel = max($maxRowOutlineLevel, $rowDimension->getOutlineLevel());
// Calculate the maximum column outline level. The equivalent calculation
// for the row outline level is carried out in _writeRow().
for ($i = 0; $i < $colcount; ++ $i) {
// Set the limits for the outline levels (0 <= x <= 7).
$col_level = max(0, min($col_level, 7));
// The displayed level is one greater than the max outline levels
if ($maxRowOutlineLevel) {
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvvv", $dxRwGut, $dxColGut, $maxRowOutlineLevel, $col_level);
$this->_append($header. $data);
* Write the WSBOOL BIFF record, mainly for fit-to-page. Used in conjunction
private function _writeWsbool()
$record = 0x0081; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Bytes to follow
// The only option that is of interest is the flag for fit to page. So we
// set all the options in one go.
$grbit |= 0x0001; // Auto page breaks visible
$grbit |= 0x0020; // Auto outline styles
if ($this->_phpSheet->getShowSummaryBelow()) {
$grbit |= 0x0040; // Outline summary below
if ($this->_phpSheet->getShowSummaryRight()) {
$grbit |= 0x0080; // Outline summary right
if ($this->_phpSheet->getPageSetup()->getFitToPage()) {
$grbit |= 0x0100; // Page setup fit to page
$grbit |= 0x0400; // Outline symbols displayed
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $grbit);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write the HORIZONTALPAGEBREAKS and VERTICALPAGEBREAKS BIFF records.
private function _writeBreaks()
foreach ($this->_phpSheet->getBreaks() as $cell => $breakType) {
// Decide what to do by the type of break
// Add to list of vertical breaks
// Add to list of horizontal breaks
$hbreaks[] = $coordinates[1];
if (count($hbreaks) > 0) {
// Sort and filter array of page breaks
sort($hbreaks, SORT_NUMERIC);
if ($hbreaks[0] == 0) { // don't use first break if it's 0
$record = 0x001b; // Record identifier
$cbrk = count($hbreaks); // Number of page breaks
$length = 2 + 6 * $cbrk; // Bytes to follow
$length = 2 + 2 * $cbrk; // Bytes to follow
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $cbrk);
// Append each page break
foreach ($hbreaks as $hbreak) {
$data .= pack("vvv", $hbreak, 0x0000, 0x00ff);
$data .= pack("v", $hbreak);
$this->_append($header . $data);
if (count($vbreaks) > 0) {
// 1000 vertical pagebreaks appears to be an internal Excel 5 limit.
// It is slightly higher in Excel 97/200, approx. 1026
// Sort and filter array of page breaks
sort($vbreaks, SORT_NUMERIC);
if ($vbreaks[0] == 0) { // don't use first break if it's 0
$record = 0x001a; // Record identifier
$cbrk = count($vbreaks); // Number of page breaks
$length = 2 + 6 * $cbrk; // Bytes to follow
$length = 2 + 2 * $cbrk; // Bytes to follow
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $cbrk);
// Append each page break
foreach ($vbreaks as $vbreak) {
$data .= pack("vvv", $vbreak, 0x0000, 0xffff);
$data .= pack("v", $vbreak);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Set the Biff PROTECT record to indicate that the worksheet is protected.
private function _writeProtect()
// Exit unless sheet protection has been specified
if (!$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getSheet()) {
$record = 0x0012; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Bytes to follow
$fLock = 1; // Worksheet is protected
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $fLock);
$this->_append($header. $data);
private function _writeScenProtect()
// Exit if sheet protection is not active
if (!$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getSheet()) {
// Exit if scenarios are not protected
if (!$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getScenarios()) {
$record = 0x00DD; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Bytes to follow
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $data);
private function _writeObjectProtect()
// Exit if sheet protection is not active
if (!$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getSheet()) {
// Exit if objects are not protected
if (!$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getObjects()) {
$record = 0x0063; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Bytes to follow
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write the worksheet PASSWORD record.
private function _writePassword()
// Exit unless sheet protection and password have been specified
if (!$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getSheet() || !$this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getPassword()) {
$record = 0x0013; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Bytes to follow
$wPassword = hexdec($this->_phpSheet->getProtection()->getPassword()); // Encoded password
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $wPassword);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Insert a 24bit bitmap image in a worksheet.
* @param integer $row The row we are going to insert the bitmap into
* @param integer $col The column we are going to insert the bitmap into
* @param mixed $bitmap The bitmap filename or GD-image resource
* @param integer $x The horizontal position (offset) of the image inside the cell.
* @param integer $y The vertical position (offset) of the image inside the cell.
* @param float $scale_x The horizontal scale
* @param float $scale_y The vertical scale
function insertBitmap($row, $col, $bitmap, $x = 0, $y = 0, $scale_x = 1, $scale_y = 1)
$bitmap_array = (is_resource($bitmap) ? $this->_processBitmapGd($bitmap) : $this->_processBitmap($bitmap));
list ($width, $height, $size, $data) = $bitmap_array; //$this->_processBitmap($bitmap);
// Scale the frame of the image.
// Calculate the vertices of the image and write the OBJ record
$this->_positionImage($col, $row, $x, $y, $width, $height);
// Write the IMDATA record to store the bitmap data
$header = pack("vvvvV", $record, $length, $cf, $env, $lcb);
$this->_append($header. $data);
* Calculate the vertices that define the position of the image as required by
* +------------+------------+
* +-----+------------+------------+
* | 1 |(A1)._______|______ |
* +-----+----| BITMAP |-----+
* | 2 | |______________. |
* +---- +------------+------------+
* Example of a bitmap that covers some of the area from cell A1 to cell B2.
* Based on the width and height of the bitmap we need to calculate 8 vars:
* $col_start, $row_start, $col_end, $row_end, $x1, $y1, $x2, $y2.
* The width and height of the cells are also variable and have to be taken into
* The values of $col_start and $row_start are passed in from the calling
* function. The values of $col_end and $row_end are calculated by subtracting
* the width and height of the bitmap from the width and height of the
* The vertices are expressed as a percentage of the underlying cell width as
* follows (rhs values are in pixels):
* Where: X is distance from the left side of the underlying cell
* Y is distance from the top of the underlying cell
* W is the width of the cell
* H is the height of the cell
* The SDK incorrectly states that the height should be expressed as a
* @param integer $col_start Col containing upper left corner of object
* @param integer $row_start Row containing top left corner of object
* @param integer $x1 Distance to left side of object
* @param integer $y1 Distance to top of object
* @param integer $width Width of image frame
* @param integer $height Height of image frame
function _positionImage($col_start, $row_start, $x1, $y1, $width, $height)
// Initialise end cell to the same as the start cell
$col_end = $col_start; // Col containing lower right corner of object
$row_end = $row_start; // Row containing bottom right corner of object
// Zero the specified offset if greater than the cell dimensions
$width = $width + $x1 - 1;
$height = $height + $y1 - 1;
// Subtract the underlying cell widths to find the end cell of the image
// Subtract the underlying cell heights to find the end cell of the image
// Bitmap isn't allowed to start or finish in a hidden cell, i.e. a cell
// with zero eight or width.
// Convert the pixel values to the percentage value expected by Excel
$this->_writeObjPicture($col_start, $x1,
* Store the OBJ record that precedes an IMDATA record. This could be generalise
* to support other Excel objects.
* @param integer $colL Column containing upper left corner of object
* @param integer $dxL Distance from left side of cell
* @param integer $rwT Row containing top left corner of object
* @param integer $dyT Distance from top of cell
* @param integer $colR Column containing lower right corner of object
* @param integer $dxR Distance from right of cell
* @param integer $rwB Row containing bottom right corner of object
* @param integer $dyB Distance from bottom of cell
private function _writeObjPicture($colL,$dxL,$rwT,$dyT,$colR,$dxR,$rwB,$dyB)
$record = 0x005d; // Record identifier
$length = 0x003c; // Bytes to follow
$cObj = 0x0001; // Count of objects in file (set to 1)
$OT = 0x0008; // Object type. 8 = Picture
$id = 0x0001; // Object ID
$grbit = 0x0614; // Option flags
$cbMacro = 0x0000; // Length of FMLA structure
$Reserved1 = 0x0000; // Reserved
$Reserved2 = 0x0000; // Reserved
$icvBack = 0x09; // Background colour
$icvFore = 0x09; // Foreground colour
$fls = 0x00; // Fill pattern
$fAuto = 0x00; // Automatic fill
$icv = 0x08; // Line colour
$lns = 0xff; // Line style
$lnw = 0x01; // Line weight
$fAutoB = 0x00; // Automatic border
$frs = 0x0000; // Frame style
$cf = 0x0009; // Image format, 9 = bitmap
$Reserved3 = 0x0000; // Reserved
$cbPictFmla = 0x0000; // Length of FMLA structure
$Reserved4 = 0x0000; // Reserved
$grbit2 = 0x0001; // Option flags
$Reserved5 = 0x0000; // Reserved
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("V", $cObj);
$data .= pack("v", $grbit);
$data .= pack("v", $colL);
$data .= pack("v", $dxL);
$data .= pack("v", $rwT);
$data .= pack("v", $dyT);
$data .= pack("v", $colR);
$data .= pack("v", $dxR);
$data .= pack("v", $rwB);
$data .= pack("v", $dyB);
$data .= pack("v", $cbMacro);
$data .= pack("V", $Reserved1);
$data .= pack("v", $Reserved2);
$data .= pack("C", $icvBack);
$data .= pack("C", $icvFore);
$data .= pack("C", $fls);
$data .= pack("C", $fAuto);
$data .= pack("C", $icv);
$data .= pack("C", $lns);
$data .= pack("C", $lnw);
$data .= pack("C", $fAutoB);
$data .= pack("v", $frs);
$data .= pack("v", $Reserved3);
$data .= pack("v", $cbPictFmla);
$data .= pack("v", $Reserved4);
$data .= pack("v", $grbit2);
$data .= pack("V", $Reserved5);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Convert a GD-image into the internal format.
* @param resource $image The image to process
* @return array Array with data and properties of the bitmap
function _processBitmapGd($image) {
$data = pack("Vvvvv", 0x000c, $width, $height, 0x01, 0x18);
for ($j= $height; $j-- ; ) {
for ($i= 0; $i < $width; ++ $i) {
foreach (array("red", "green", "blue") as $key) {
$color[$key] = $color[$key] + round((255 - $color[$key]) * $color["alpha"] / 127);
$data .= chr($color["blue"]) . chr($color["green"]) . chr($color["red"]);
return array($width, $height, strlen($data), $data);
* Convert a 24 bit bitmap into the modified internal format used by Windows.
* This is described in BITMAPCOREHEADER and BITMAPCOREINFO structures in the
* @param string $bitmap The bitmap to process
* @return array Array with data and properties of the bitmap
function _processBitmap($bitmap)
$bmp_fd = @fopen($bitmap,"rb");
throw new Exception("Couldn't import $bitmap");
// Slurp the file into a string.
// Check that the file is big enough to be a bitmap.
throw new Exception("$bitmap doesn't contain enough data.\n");
// The first 2 bytes are used to identify the bitmap.
$identity = unpack("A2ident", $data);
if ($identity['ident'] != "BM") {
throw new Exception("$bitmap doesn't appear to be a valid bitmap image.\n");
// Remove bitmap data: ID.
// Read and remove the bitmap size. This is more reliable than reading
// the data size at offset 0x22.
$size = $size_array['sa'];
$size -= 0x36; // Subtract size of bitmap header.
$size += 0x0C; // Add size of BIFF header.
// Remove bitmap data: reserved, offset, header length.
// Read and remove the bitmap width and height. Verify the sizes.
$width = $width_and_height[1];
$height = $width_and_height[2];
throw new Exception("$bitmap: largest image width supported is 65k.\n");
throw new Exception("$bitmap: largest image height supported is 65k.\n");
// Read and remove the bitmap planes and bpp data. Verify them.
if ($planes_and_bitcount[2] != 24) { // Bitcount
throw new Exception("$bitmap isn't a 24bit true color bitmap.\n");
if ($planes_and_bitcount[1] != 1) {
throw new Exception("$bitmap: only 1 plane supported in bitmap image.\n");
// Read and remove the bitmap compression. Verify compression.
if ($compression['comp'] != 0) {
throw new Exception("$bitmap: compression not supported in bitmap image.\n");
// Remove bitmap data: data size, hres, vres, colours, imp. colours.
// Add the BITMAPCOREHEADER data
$header = pack("Vvvvv", 0x000c, $width, $height, 0x01, 0x18);
return (array($width, $height, $size, $data));
* Store the window zoom factor. This should be a reduced fraction but for
* simplicity we will store all fractions with a numerator of 100.
private function _writeZoom()
// If scale is 100 we don't need to write a record
if ($this->_phpSheet->getSheetView()->getZoomScale() == 100) {
$record = 0x00A0; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0004; // Bytes to follow
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vv", $this->_phpSheet->getSheetView()->getZoomScale(), 100);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* @return PHPExcel_Shared_Escher
* @param PHPExcel_Shared_Escher $pValue
public function setEscher(PHPExcel_Shared_Escher $pValue = null)
$this->_escher = $pValue;
* Write MSODRAWING record
private function _writeMsoDrawing()
// write the Escher stream if necessary
if (isset ($this->_escher)) {
$data = $writer->close();
$spOffsets = $writer->getSpOffsets();
// write the neccesary MSODRAWING, OBJ records
// split the Escher stream
$nm = count($spOffsets) - 1; // number of shapes excluding first shape
for ($i = 1; $i <= $nm; ++ $i) {
$record = 0x00EC; // Record identifier
// chunk of Escher stream for one shape
$dataChunk = substr($data, $spOffsets[$i - 1], $spOffsets[$i] - $spOffsets[$i - 1]);
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $dataChunk);
$record = 0x005D; // record identifier
, 0x0015 // 0x0015 = ftCmo
, 0x0012 // length of ftCmo data
, 0x0008 // object type, 0x0008 = picture
, $i // object id number, Excel seems to use 1-based index, local for the sheet
, 0x6011 // option flags, 0x6011 is what OpenOffice.org uses
, 0x0000 // 0x0000 = ftEnd
, 0x0000 // length of ftEnd data
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $objData);
* Store the DATAVALIDATIONS and DATAVALIDATION records.
private function _writeDataValidity()
// Datavalidation collection
$dataValidationCollection = $this->_phpSheet->getDataValidationCollection();
// Write data validations?
if (count($dataValidationCollection) > 0) {
// DATAVALIDATIONS record
$record = 0x01B2; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0012; // Bytes to follow
$grbit = 0x0000; // Prompt box at cell, no cached validity data at DV records
$horPos = 0x00000000; // Horizontal position of prompt box, if fixed position
$verPos = 0x00000000; // Vertical position of prompt box, if fixed position
$objId = 0xFFFFFFFF; // Object identifier of drop down arrow object, or -1 if not visible
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
$data = pack('vVVVV', $grbit, $horPos, $verPos, $objId,
count($dataValidationCollection));
$this->_append($header. $data);
// DATAVALIDATION records
$record = 0x01BE; // Record identifier
foreach ($dataValidationCollection as $cellCoordinate => $dataValidation) {
// initialize record data
$type = $dataValidation->getType();
$errorStyle = $dataValidation->getType();
$options |= $errorStyle << 4;
if ($type == 0x03 && preg_match('/^\".*\"$/', $dataValidation->getFormula1())) {
$options |= $dataValidation->getAllowBlank() << 8;
$options |= (!$dataValidation->getShowDropDown()) << 9;
$options |= $dataValidation->getShowInputMessage() << 18;
$options |= $dataValidation->getShowErrorMessage() << 19;
$operator = $dataValidation->getOperator();
$options |= $operator << 20;
$data = pack('V', $options);
$promptTitle = $dataValidation->getPromptTitle() !== '' ?
$dataValidation->getPromptTitle() : chr(0);
$errorTitle = $dataValidation->getErrorTitle() !== '' ?
$dataValidation->getErrorTitle() : chr(0);
$prompt = $dataValidation->getPrompt() !== '' ?
$dataValidation->getPrompt() : chr(0);
$error = $dataValidation->getError() !== '' ?
$dataValidation->getError() : chr(0);
$formula1 = $dataValidation->getFormula1();
if ($type == 0x03) { // list type
$this->_parser->parse($formula1);
$data .= pack('vv', $sz1, 0x0000);
$formula2 = $dataValidation->getFormula2();
throw new Exception('No formula2');
$this->_parser->parse($formula2);
$data .= pack('vv', $sz2, 0x0000);
// cell range address list
$data .= pack('v', 0x0001);
$data .= $this->_writeBIFF8CellRangeAddressFixed($cellCoordinate);
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $data);
private function _mapErrorCode($errorCode) {
case '#NULL!': return 0x00;
case '#DIV/0!': return 0x07;
case '#VALUE!': return 0x0F;
case '#REF!': return 0x17;
case '#NAME?': return 0x1D;
case '#NUM!': return 0x24;
case '#N/A': return 0x2A;
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