Source for file Workbook.php
Documentation is available at Workbook.php
* Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011 PHPExcel
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
* @package PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011 PHPExcel (http://www.codeplex.com/PHPExcel)
* @license http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt LGPL
* @version 1.7.6, 2011-02-27
// Original file header of PEAR::Spreadsheet_Excel_Writer_Workbook (used as the base for this class):
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// * Module written/ported by Xavier Noguer <xnoguer@rezebra.com>
// * The majority of this is _NOT_ my code. I simply ported it from the
// * PERL Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.
// * The author of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module is John McNamara
// * <jmcnamara@cpan.org>
// * I _DO_ maintain this code, and John McNamara has nothing to do with the
// * porting of this code to PHP. Any questions directly related to this
// * class library should be directed to me.
// * License Information:
// * Spreadsheet_Excel_Writer: A library for generating Excel Spreadsheets
// * Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Xavier Noguer xnoguer@rezebra.com
// * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
// * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
// * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
// * Lesser General Public License for more details.
// * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
// * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
// * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
* PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5_Workbook
* @package PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011 PHPExcel (http://www.codeplex.com/PHPExcel)
* @var PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5_Parser
* The BIFF file size for the workbook.
* @see _calcSheetOffsets()
* @var PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5_Xf[]
private $_xfWriters = array();
* Array containing the colour palette
* The codepage indicates the text encoding used for strings
* The country code used for localization
* @var PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5_Font[]
private $_fontWriters = array();
* Added fonts. Maps from font's hash => index in workbook
private $_addedFonts = array();
private $_numberFormats = array();
* Added number formats. Maps from numberFormat's hash => index in workbook
private $_addedNumberFormats = array();
* Sizes of the binary worksheet streams
private $_worksheetSizes = array();
* Offsets of the binary worksheet streams relative to the start of the global workbook stream
private $_worksheetOffsets = array();
* Total number of shared strings in workbook
* Number of unique shared strings in workbook
* Array of unique shared strings in workbook
* Escher object corresponding to MSODRAWINGGROUP
* @var PHPExcel_Shared_Escher
* @param PHPExcel $phpExcel The Workbook
* @param int $BIFF_verions BIFF version
* @param int $str_total Total number of strings
* @param int $str_unique Total number of unique strings
* @param array $str_table
* @param mixed $parser The formula parser created for the Workbook
public function __construct(PHPExcel $phpExcel = null, $BIFF_version = 0x0600,
&$str_unique, &$str_table, &$colors, $parser
// It needs to call its parent's constructor explicitly
$this->_parser = $parser;
$this->_codepage = 0x04E4; // FIXME: should change for BIFF8
$this->_str_total = &$str_total;
$this->_str_unique = &$str_unique;
$this->_str_table = &$str_table;
$this->_colors = &$colors;
$this->_setPaletteXl97();
$this->_phpExcel = $phpExcel;
if ($BIFF_version == 0x0600) {
// change BIFFwriter limit for CONTINUE records
// Add empty sheets and Build color cache
$countSheets = $phpExcel->getSheetCount();
for ($i = 0; $i < $countSheets; ++ $i) {
$phpSheet = $phpExcel->getSheet($i);
$this->_parser->setExtSheet($phpSheet->getTitle(), $i); // Register worksheet name with parser
$ref = pack('vvv', $supbook_index, $i, $i);
$this->_parser->_references[] = $ref; // Register reference with parser
if ($phpSheet->isTabColorSet()) {
$this->_addColor($phpSheet->getTabColor()->getRGB());
* @param boolean Is it a style XF?
* @return int Index to XF record
public function addXfWriter($style, $isStyleXf = false)
$xfWriter->setIsStyleXf($isStyleXf);
// Add the font if not already added
$fontHashCode = $style->getFont()->getHashCode();
if (isset ($this->_addedFonts[$fontHashCode])) {
$fontIndex = $this->_addedFonts[$fontHashCode];
$countFonts = count($this->_fontWriters);
$fontIndex = ($countFonts < 4) ? $countFonts : $countFonts + 1;
$fontWriter->setColorIndex($this->_addColor($style->getFont()->getColor()->getRGB()));
$this->_fontWriters[] = $fontWriter;
$this->_addedFonts[$fontHashCode] = $fontIndex;
// Assign the font index to the xf record
$xfWriter->setFontIndex($fontIndex);
// Background colors, best to treat these after the font so black will come after white in custom palette
$xfWriter->setFgColor($this->_addColor($style->getFill()->getStartColor()->getRGB()));
$xfWriter->setBgColor($this->_addColor($style->getFill()->getEndColor()->getRGB()));
$xfWriter->setBottomColor($this->_addColor($style->getBorders()->getBottom()->getColor()->getRGB()));
$xfWriter->setTopColor($this->_addColor($style->getBorders()->getTop()->getColor()->getRGB()));
$xfWriter->setRightColor($this->_addColor($style->getBorders()->getRight()->getColor()->getRGB()));
$xfWriter->setLeftColor($this->_addColor($style->getBorders()->getLeft()->getColor()->getRGB()));
$xfWriter->setDiagColor($this->_addColor($style->getBorders()->getDiagonal()->getColor()->getRGB()));
// Add the number format if it is not a built-in one and not already added
if ($style->getNumberFormat()->getBuiltInFormatCode() === false) {
$numberFormatHashCode = $style->getNumberFormat()->getHashCode();
if (isset ($this->_addedNumberFormats[$numberFormatHashCode])) {
$numberFormatIndex = $this->_addedNumberFormats[$numberFormatHashCode];
$numberFormatIndex = 164 + count($this->_numberFormats);
$this->_numberFormats[$numberFormatIndex] = $style->getNumberFormat();
$this->_addedNumberFormats[$numberFormatHashCode] = $numberFormatIndex;
$numberFormatIndex = (int) $style->getNumberFormat()->getBuiltInFormatCode();
// Assign the number format index to xf record
$xfWriter->setNumberFormatIndex($numberFormatIndex);
$this->_xfWriters[] = $xfWriter;
$xfIndex = count($this->_xfWriters) - 1;
* Alter color palette adding a custom color
* @param string $rgb E.g. 'FF00AA'
* @return int Color index
private function _addColor($rgb) {
if (!isset ($this->_colors[$rgb])) {
if (count($this->_colors) < 57) {
// then we add a custom color altering the palette
$colorIndex = 8 + count($this->_colors);
$this->_colors[$rgb] = $colorIndex;
// no room for more custom colors, just map to black
// fetch already added custom color
$colorIndex = $this->_colors[$rgb];
* Sets the colour palette to the Excel 97+ default.
function _setPaletteXl97()
0x08 => array(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
0x09 => array(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00),
0x0A => array(0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
0x0B => array(0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00),
0x0C => array(0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00),
0x0D => array(0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00),
0x0E => array(0xff, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00),
0x0F => array(0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00),
0x10 => array(0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
0x11 => array(0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00),
0x12 => array(0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00),
0x13 => array(0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00),
0x14 => array(0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00),
0x15 => array(0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00),
0x16 => array(0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0x00),
0x17 => array(0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00),
0x18 => array(0x99, 0x99, 0xff, 0x00),
0x19 => array(0x99, 0x33, 0x66, 0x00),
0x1A => array(0xff, 0xff, 0xcc, 0x00),
0x1B => array(0xcc, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00),
0x1C => array(0x66, 0x00, 0x66, 0x00),
0x1D => array(0xff, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00),
0x1E => array(0x00, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x00),
0x1F => array(0xcc, 0xcc, 0xff, 0x00),
0x20 => array(0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00),
0x21 => array(0xff, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00),
0x22 => array(0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00),
0x23 => array(0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00),
0x24 => array(0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00),
0x25 => array(0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
0x26 => array(0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00),
0x27 => array(0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00),
0x28 => array(0x00, 0xcc, 0xff, 0x00),
0x29 => array(0xcc, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00),
0x2A => array(0xcc, 0xff, 0xcc, 0x00),
0x2B => array(0xff, 0xff, 0x99, 0x00),
0x2C => array(0x99, 0xcc, 0xff, 0x00),
0x2D => array(0xff, 0x99, 0xcc, 0x00),
0x2E => array(0xcc, 0x99, 0xff, 0x00),
0x2F => array(0xff, 0xcc, 0x99, 0x00),
0x30 => array(0x33, 0x66, 0xff, 0x00),
0x31 => array(0x33, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x00),
0x32 => array(0x99, 0xcc, 0x00, 0x00),
0x33 => array(0xff, 0xcc, 0x00, 0x00),
0x34 => array(0xff, 0x99, 0x00, 0x00),
0x35 => array(0xff, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00),
0x36 => array(0x66, 0x66, 0x99, 0x00),
0x37 => array(0x96, 0x96, 0x96, 0x00),
0x38 => array(0x00, 0x33, 0x66, 0x00),
0x39 => array(0x33, 0x99, 0x66, 0x00),
0x3A => array(0x00, 0x33, 0x00, 0x00),
0x3B => array(0x33, 0x33, 0x00, 0x00),
0x3C => array(0x99, 0x33, 0x00, 0x00),
0x3D => array(0x99, 0x33, 0x66, 0x00),
0x3E => array(0x33, 0x33, 0x99, 0x00),
0x3F => array(0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x00),
* Assemble worksheets into a workbook and send the BIFF data to an OLE
* @param array $worksheetSizes The sizes in bytes of the binary worksheet streams
* @return string Binary data for workbook stream
$this->_worksheetSizes = $pWorksheetSizes;
// Calculate the number of selected worksheet tabs and call the finalization
// methods for each worksheet
$total_worksheets = $this->_phpExcel->getSheetCount();
// Add part 1 of the Workbook globals, what goes before the SHEET records
$this->_storeBof(0x0005);
$this->_writeExterns(); // For print area and repeat rows
$this->_writeNames(); // For print area and repeat rows
$this->_writeAllNumFormats();
$this->_writeAllStyles();
// Prepare part 3 of the workbook global stream, what goes after the SHEET records
$part3 .= $this->_writeCountry();
$part3 .= $this->_writeRecalcId();
$part3 .= $this->_writeSupbookInternal();
/* TODO: store external SUPBOOK records and XCT and CRN records
in case of external references for BIFF8 */
$part3 .= $this->_writeExternsheetBiff8();
$part3 .= $this->_writeAllDefinedNamesBiff8();
$part3 .= $this->_writeMsoDrawingGroup();
$part3 .= $this->_writeSharedStringsTable();
// Add part 2 of the Workbook globals, the SHEET records
$this->_calcSheetOffsets();
for ($i = 0; $i < $total_worksheets; ++ $i) {
$this->_writeBoundsheet($this->_phpExcel->getSheet($i), $this->_worksheetOffsets[$i]);
// Add part 3 of the Workbook globals
* Calculate offsets for Worksheet BOF records.
function _calcSheetOffsets()
$boundsheet_length = 10; // fixed length for a BOUNDSHEET record
// size of Workbook globals part 1 + 3
// add size of Workbook globals part 2, the length of the SHEET records
$total_worksheets = count($this->_phpExcel->getAllSheets());
foreach ($this->_phpExcel->getWorksheetIterator() as $sheet) {
$offset += $boundsheet_length + strlen($sheet->getTitle());
// add the sizes of each of the Sheet substreams, respectively
for ($i = 0; $i < $total_worksheets; ++ $i) {
$this->_worksheetOffsets[$i] = $offset;
$offset += $this->_worksheetSizes[$i];
* Store the Excel FONT records.
private function _writeAllFonts()
foreach ($this->_fontWriters as $fontWriter) {
$this->_append($fontWriter->writeFont());
* Store user defined numerical formats i.e. FORMAT records
private function _writeAllNumFormats()
foreach ($this->_numberFormats as $numberFormatIndex => $numberFormat) {
$this->_writeNumFormat($numberFormat->getFormatCode(), $numberFormatIndex);
private function _writeAllXfs()
foreach ($this->_xfWriters as $xfWriter) {
$this->_append($xfWriter->writeXf());
* Write all STYLE records.
private function _writeAllStyles()
* Write the EXTERNCOUNT and EXTERNSHEET records. These are used as indexes for
private function _writeExterns()
$countSheets = $this->_phpExcel->getSheetCount();
// Create EXTERNCOUNT with number of worksheets
$this->_writeExterncount($countSheets);
// Create EXTERNSHEET for each worksheet
for ($i = 0; $i < $countSheets; ++ $i) {
$this->_writeExternsheet($phpExcel->getSheet($i)->getTitle());
* Write the NAME record to define the print area and the repeat rows and cols.
private function _writeNames()
// total number of sheets
$total_worksheets = $this->_phpExcel->getSheetCount();
// Create the print area NAME records
for ($i = 0; $i < $total_worksheets; ++ $i) {
$sheetSetup = $this->_phpExcel->getSheet($i)->getPageSetup();
// Write a Name record if the print area has been defined
if ($sheetSetup->isPrintAreaSet()) {
$printArea = $printArea[0];
$print_rowmin = $printArea[0][1] - 1;
$print_rowmax = $printArea[1][1] - 1;
// Create the print title NAME records
for ($i = 0; $i < $total_worksheets; ++ $i) {
$sheetSetup = $this->_phpExcel->getSheet($i)->getPageSetup();
// simultaneous repeatColumns repeatRows
if ($sheetSetup->isColumnsToRepeatAtLeftSet() && $sheetSetup->isRowsToRepeatAtTopSet()) {
$repeat = $sheetSetup->getColumnsToRepeatAtLeft();
$repeat = $sheetSetup->getRowsToRepeatAtTop();
$rowmin = $repeat[0] - 1;
$rowmax = $repeat[1] - 1;
// (exclusive) either repeatColumns or repeatRows
} else if ($sheetSetup->isColumnsToRepeatAtLeftSet() || $sheetSetup->isRowsToRepeatAtTopSet()) {
if ($sheetSetup->isColumnsToRepeatAtLeftSet()) {
$repeat = $sheetSetup->getColumnsToRepeatAtLeft();
if ($sheetSetup->isRowsToRepeatAtTopSet()) {
$repeat = $sheetSetup->getRowsToRepeatAtTop();
$rowmin = $repeat[0] - 1;
$rowmax = $repeat[1] - 1;
* Writes all the DEFINEDNAME records (BIFF8).
* So far this is only used for repeating rows/columns (print titles) and print areas
private function _writeAllDefinedNamesBiff8()
if (count($this->_phpExcel->getNamedRanges()) > 0) {
$namedRanges = $this->_phpExcel->getNamedRanges();
foreach ($namedRanges as $namedRange) {
// Create absolute coordinate
for ($i = 0; $i < count($range); $i++ ) {
if (isset ($range[$i][1])) {
$error = $this->_parser->parse($range);
// make sure tRef3d is of type tRef3dR (0x3A)
if (isset ($formulaData{0}) and ($formulaData{0} == "\x7A" or $formulaData{0} == "\x5A")) {
$formulaData = "\x3A" . substr($formulaData, 1);
if ($namedRange->getLocalOnly()) {
$scope = $this->_phpExcel->getIndex($namedRange->getScope()) + 1;
$chunk .= $this->writeData($this->_writeDefinedNameBiff8($namedRange->getName(), $formulaData, $scope, false));
// total number of sheets
$total_worksheets = $this->_phpExcel->getSheetCount();
// write the print titles (repeating rows, columns), if any
for ($i = 0; $i < $total_worksheets; ++ $i) {
$sheetSetup = $this->_phpExcel->getSheet($i)->getPageSetup();
// simultaneous repeatColumns repeatRows
if ($sheetSetup->isColumnsToRepeatAtLeftSet() && $sheetSetup->isRowsToRepeatAtTopSet()) {
$repeat = $sheetSetup->getColumnsToRepeatAtLeft();
$repeat = $sheetSetup->getRowsToRepeatAtTop();
$rowmin = $repeat[0] - 1;
$rowmax = $repeat[1] - 1;
// construct formula data manually
$formulaData = pack('Cv', 0x29, 0x17); // tMemFunc
$formulaData .= pack('Cvvvvv', 0x3B, $i, 0, 65535, $colmin, $colmax); // tArea3d
$formulaData .= pack('Cvvvvv', 0x3B, $i, $rowmin, $rowmax, 0, 255); // tArea3d
$formulaData .= pack('C', 0x10); // tList
// store the DEFINEDNAME record
$chunk .= $this->writeData($this->_writeDefinedNameBiff8(pack('C', 0x07), $formulaData, $i + 1, true));
// (exclusive) either repeatColumns or repeatRows
} else if ($sheetSetup->isColumnsToRepeatAtLeftSet() || $sheetSetup->isRowsToRepeatAtTopSet()) {
if ($sheetSetup->isColumnsToRepeatAtLeftSet()) {
$repeat = $sheetSetup->getColumnsToRepeatAtLeft();
if ($sheetSetup->isRowsToRepeatAtTopSet()) {
$repeat = $sheetSetup->getRowsToRepeatAtTop();
$rowmin = $repeat[0] - 1;
$rowmax = $repeat[1] - 1;
// construct formula data manually because parser does not recognize absolute 3d cell references
$formulaData = pack('Cvvvvv', 0x3B, $i, $rowmin, $rowmax, $colmin, $colmax);
// store the DEFINEDNAME record
$chunk .= $this->writeData($this->_writeDefinedNameBiff8(pack('C', 0x07), $formulaData, $i + 1, true));
// write the print areas, if any
for ($i = 0; $i < $total_worksheets; ++ $i) {
$sheetSetup = $this->_phpExcel->getSheet($i)->getPageSetup();
if ($sheetSetup->isPrintAreaSet()) {
// Print area, e.g. A3:J6,H1:X20
$countPrintArea = count($printArea);
for ($j = 0; $j < $countPrintArea; ++ $j) {
$printAreaRect = $printArea[$j]; // e.g. A3:J6
$print_rowmin = $printAreaRect[0][1] - 1;
$print_rowmax = $printAreaRect[1][1] - 1;
// construct formula data manually because parser does not recognize absolute 3d cell references
$formulaData .= pack('Cvvvvv', 0x3B, $i, $print_rowmin, $print_rowmax, $print_colmin, $print_colmax);
$formulaData .= pack('C', 0x10); // list operator token ','
// store the DEFINEDNAME record
$chunk .= $this->writeData($this->_writeDefinedNameBiff8(pack('C', 0x06), $formulaData, $i + 1, true));
* Write a DEFINEDNAME record for BIFF8 using explicit binary formula data
* @param string $name The name in UTF-8
* @param string $formulaData The binary formula data
* @param string $sheetIndex 1-based sheet index the defined name applies to. 0 = global
* @param boolean $isBuiltIn Built-in name?
* @return string Complete binary record data
private function _writeDefinedNameBiff8($name, $formulaData, $sheetIndex = 0, $isBuiltIn = false)
$options = $isBuiltIn ? 0x20 : 0x00;
// length of the name, character count
// name with stripped length field
// size of the formula (in bytes)
$data = pack('vCCvvvCCCC', $options, 0, $nlen, $sz, 0, $sheetIndex, 0, 0, 0, 0)
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
* Stores the CODEPAGE biff record.
private function _writeCodepage()
$record = 0x0042; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Number of bytes to follow
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write Excel BIFF WINDOW1 record.
private function _writeWindow1()
$record = 0x003D; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0012; // Number of bytes to follow
$xWn = 0x0000; // Horizontal position of window
$yWn = 0x0000; // Vertical position of window
$dxWn = 0x25BC; // Width of window
$dyWn = 0x1572; // Height of window
$grbit = 0x0038; // Option flags
// not supported by PHPExcel, so there is only one selected sheet, the active
$ctabsel = 1; // Number of workbook tabs selected
$wTabRatio = 0x0258; // Tab to scrollbar ratio
// not supported by PHPExcel, set to 0
$itabFirst = 0; // 1st displayed worksheet
$itabCur = $this->_phpExcel->getActiveSheetIndex(); // Active worksheet
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vvvvvvvvv", $xWn, $yWn, $dxWn, $dyWn,
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Writes Excel BIFF BOUNDSHEET record.
* @param PHPExcel_Worksheet $sheet Worksheet name
* @param integer $offset Location of worksheet BOF
private function _writeBoundsheet($sheet, $offset)
$sheetname = $sheet->getTitle();
$record = 0x0085; // Record identifier
switch ($sheet->getSheetState()) {
default: $ss = 0x00; break;
$grbit = 0x0000; // Visibility and sheet type
$data = pack("VCC", $offset, $ss, $st);
$cch = strlen($sheetname); // Length of sheet name
$data = pack("VCCC", $offset, $ss, $st, $cch);
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write Internal SUPBOOK record
private function _writeSupbookInternal()
$record = 0x01AE; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0004; // Bytes to follow
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vv", $this->_phpExcel->getSheetCount(), 0x0401);
* Writes the Excel BIFF EXTERNSHEET record. These references are used by
private function _writeExternsheetBiff8()
$record = 0x0017; // Record identifier
$length = 2 + 6 * $total_references; // Number of bytes to follow
$supbook_index = 0; // FIXME: only using internal SUPBOOK record
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack('v', $total_references);
for ($i = 0; $i < $total_references; ++ $i) {
* Write Excel BIFF STYLE records.
private function _writeStyle()
$record = 0x0293; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0004; // Bytes to follow
$ixfe = 0x8000; // Index to cell style XF
$BuiltIn = 0x00; // Built-in style
$iLevel = 0xff; // Outline style level
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("vCC", $ixfe, $BuiltIn, $iLevel);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Writes Excel FORMAT record for non "built-in" numerical formats.
* @param string $format Custom format string
* @param integer $ifmt Format index code
private function _writeNumFormat($format, $ifmt)
$record = 0x041E; // Record identifier
$length = 2 + strlen($numberFormatString); // Number of bytes to follow
$length = 3 + strlen($format); // Number of bytes to follow
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $ifmt) . $numberFormatString;
$this->_append($header . $data);
$cch = strlen($format); // Length of format string
$data = pack("vC", $ifmt, $cch);
$this->_append($header . $data . $format);
* Write DATEMODE record to indicate the date system in use (1904 or 1900).
private function _writeDatemode()
$record = 0x0022; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Bytes to follow
1 : 0; // Flag for 1904 date system
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $f1904);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write BIFF record EXTERNCOUNT to indicate the number of external sheet
* references in the workbook.
* Excel only stores references to external sheets that are used in NAME.
* The workbook NAME record is required to define the print area and the repeat
* A similar method is used in Worksheet.php for a slightly different purpose.
* @param integer $cxals Number of external references
private function _writeExterncount($cxals)
$record = 0x0016; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0002; // Number of bytes to follow
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $cxals);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Writes the Excel BIFF EXTERNSHEET record. These references are used by
* formulas. NAME record is required to define the print area and the repeat
* A similar method is used in Worksheet.php for a slightly different purpose.
* @param string $sheetname Worksheet name
private function _writeExternsheet($sheetname)
$record = 0x0017; // Record identifier
$length = 0x02 + strlen($sheetname); // Number of bytes to follow
$cch = strlen($sheetname); // Length of sheet name
$rgch = 0x03; // Filename encoding
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("CC", $cch, $rgch);
$this->_append($header . $data . $sheetname);
* Store the NAME record in the short format that is used for storing the print
* area, repeat rows only and repeat columns only.
* @param integer $index Sheet index
* @param integer $type Built-in name type
* @param integer $rowmin Start row
* @param integer $rowmax End row
* @param integer $colmin Start colum
* @param integer $colmax End column
private function _writeNameShort($index, $type, $rowmin, $rowmax, $colmin, $colmax)
$record = 0x0018; // Record identifier
$length = 0x0024; // Number of bytes to follow
$grbit = 0x0020; // Option flags
$chKey = 0x00; // Keyboard shortcut
$cch = 0x01; // Length of text name
$cce = 0x0015; // Length of text definition
$ixals = $index + 1; // Sheet index
$itab = $ixals; // Equal to ixals
$cchCustMenu = 0x00; // Length of cust menu text
$cchDescription = 0x00; // Length of description text
$cchHelptopic = 0x00; // Length of help topic text
$cchStatustext = 0x00; // Length of status bar text
$rgch = $type; // Built-in name type
$unknown04 = 0xffff- $index;
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $grbit);
$data .= pack("C", $chKey);
$data .= pack("C", $cch);
$data .= pack("v", $cce);
$data .= pack("v", $ixals);
$data .= pack("v", $itab);
$data .= pack("C", $cchCustMenu);
$data .= pack("C", $cchDescription);
$data .= pack("C", $cchHelptopic);
$data .= pack("C", $cchStatustext);
$data .= pack("C", $rgch);
$data .= pack("C", $unknown03);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown04);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown05);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown06);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown07);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown08);
$data .= pack("v", $index);
$data .= pack("v", $index);
$data .= pack("v", $rowmin);
$data .= pack("v", $rowmax);
$data .= pack("C", $colmin);
$data .= pack("C", $colmax);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Store the NAME record in the long format that is used for storing the repeat
* rows and columns when both are specified. This shares a lot of code with
* _writeNameShort() but we use a separate method to keep the code clean.
* Code abstraction for reuse can be carried too far, and I should know. ;-)
* @param integer $index Sheet index
* @param integer $type Built-in name type
* @param integer $rowmin Start row
* @param integer $rowmax End row
* @param integer $colmin Start colum
* @param integer $colmax End column
private function _writeNameLong($index, $type, $rowmin, $rowmax, $colmin, $colmax)
$record = 0x0018; // Record identifier
$length = 0x003d; // Number of bytes to follow
$grbit = 0x0020; // Option flags
$chKey = 0x00; // Keyboard shortcut
$cch = 0x01; // Length of text name
$cce = 0x002e; // Length of text definition
$ixals = $index + 1; // Sheet index
$itab = $ixals; // Equal to ixals
$cchCustMenu = 0x00; // Length of cust menu text
$cchDescription = 0x00; // Length of description text
$cchHelptopic = 0x00; // Length of help topic text
$cchStatustext = 0x00; // Length of status bar text
$rgch = $type; // Built-in name type
$unknown04 = 0xffff- $index;
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
$data = pack("v", $grbit);
$data .= pack("C", $chKey);
$data .= pack("C", $cch);
$data .= pack("v", $cce);
$data .= pack("v", $ixals);
$data .= pack("v", $itab);
$data .= pack("C", $cchCustMenu);
$data .= pack("C", $cchDescription);
$data .= pack("C", $cchHelptopic);
$data .= pack("C", $cchStatustext);
$data .= pack("C", $rgch);
$data .= pack("C", $unknown01);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown02);
$data .= pack("C", $unknown03);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown04);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown05);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown06);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown07);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown08);
$data .= pack("v", $index);
$data .= pack("v", $index);
$data .= pack("v", 0x0000);
$data .= pack("v", 0x3fff);
$data .= pack("C", $colmin);
$data .= pack("C", $colmax);
$data .= pack("C", $unknown03);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown04);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown05);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown06);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown07);
$data .= pack("v", $unknown08);
$data .= pack("v", $index);
$data .= pack("v", $index);
$data .= pack("v", $rowmin);
$data .= pack("v", $rowmax);
$data .= pack("C", 0x00);
$data .= pack("C", 0xff);
$data .= pack("C", 0x10);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Stores the COUNTRY record for localization
private function _writeCountry()
$record = 0x008C; // Record identifier
$length = 4; // Number of bytes to follow
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
/* using the same country code always for simplicity */
//$this->_append($header . $data);
* Write the RECALCID record
private function _writeRecalcId()
$record = 0x01C1; // Record identifier
$length = 8; // Number of bytes to follow
$header = pack('vv', $record, $length);
// by inspection of real Excel files, MS Office Excel 2007 writes this
$data = pack('VV', 0x000001C1, 0x00001E667);
* Stores the PALETTE biff record.
private function _writePalette()
$record = 0x0092; // Record identifier
$length = 2 + 4 * count($aref); // Number of bytes to follow
$ccv = count($aref); // Number of RGB values to follow
$data = ''; // The RGB data
foreach ($aref as $color) {
foreach ($color as $byte) {
$data .= pack("C",$byte);
$header = pack("vvv", $record, $length, $ccv);
$this->_append($header . $data);
* Handling of the SST continue blocks is complicated by the need to include an
* additional continuation byte depending on whether the string is split between
* blocks or whether it starts at the beginning of the block. (There are also
* additional complications that will arise later when/if Rich Strings are
* The Excel documentation says that the SST record should be followed by an
* EXTSST record. The EXTSST record is a hash table that is used to optimise
* access to SST. However, despite the documentation it doesn't seem to be
* required so we will ignore it.
* @return string Binary data
private function _writeSharedStringsTable()
// maximum size of record data (excluding record header)
// initialize array of record data blocks
// start SST record data block with total number of strings, total number of unique strings
$recordData = pack("VV", $this->_str_total, $this->_str_unique);
// loop through all (unique) strings in shared strings table
foreach (array_keys($this->_str_table) as $string) {
// here $string is a BIFF8 encoded string
// length = character count
$headerinfo = unpack("vlength/Cencoding", $string);
// currently, this is always 1 = uncompressed
$encoding = $headerinfo["encoding"];
// initialize finished writing current $string
while ($finished === false) {
// normally, there will be only one cycle, but if string cannot immediately be written as is
// there will be need for more than one cylcle, if string longer than one record data block, there
// may be need for even more cycles
if (strlen($recordData) + strlen($string) < $continue_limit) {
// then we can write the string (or remainder of string) without any problems
// we are finished writing this string
} else if (strlen($recordData) + strlen($string) == $continue_limit) {
// then we can also write the string (or remainder of string)
// but we close the record data block, and initialize a new one
$recordDatas[] = $recordData;
// we are finished writing this string
// special treatment writing the string (or remainder of the string)
// If the string is very long it may need to be written in more than one CONTINUE record.
// check how many bytes more there is room for in the current record
$space_remaining = $continue_limit - strlen($recordData);
// uncompressed: 2 byte string length length field + 1 byte option flags + 2 byte character
// compressed: 2 byte string length length field + 1 byte option flags + 1 byte character
$min_space_needed = ($encoding == 1) ? 5 : 4;
// 1. space remaining is less than minimum space needed
// here we must waste the space remaining and move to next record data block
// 2. space remaining is greater than or equal to minimum space needed
// here we write as much as we can in the current block, then move to next record data block
// 1. space remaining is less than minimum space needed
if ($space_remaining < $min_space_needed) {
// we close the block, store the block data
$recordDatas[] = $recordData;
// and start new record data block where we start writing the string
// 2. space remaining is greater than or equal to minimum space needed
// initialize effective remaining space, for Unicode strings this may need to be reduced by 1, see below
$effective_space_remaining = $space_remaining;
// for uncompressed strings, sometimes effective space remaining is reduced by 1
if ( $encoding == 1 && (strlen($string) - $space_remaining) % 2 == 1 ) {
-- $effective_space_remaining;
// one block fininshed, store the block data
$recordData .= substr($string, 0, $effective_space_remaining);
$string = substr($string, $effective_space_remaining); // for next cycle in while loop
$recordDatas[] = $recordData;
// start new record data block with the repeated option flags
$recordData = pack('C', $encoding);
// Store the last record data block unless it is empty
// if there was no need for any continue records, this will be the for SST record data block itself
if (strlen($recordData) > 0) {
$recordDatas[] = $recordData;
// combine into one chunk with all the blocks SST, CONTINUE,...
foreach ($recordDatas as $i => $recordData) {
// first block should have the SST record header, remaing should have CONTINUE header
$record = ($i == 0) ? 0x00FC : 0x003C;
$header = pack("vv", $record, strlen($recordData));
$data = $header . $recordData;
* Writes the MSODRAWINGGROUP record if needed. Possibly split using CONTINUE records.
private function _writeMsoDrawingGroup()
// write the Escher stream if necessary
if (isset ($this->_escher)) {
$data = $writer->close();
$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
* @return PHPExcel_Shared_Escher
* @param PHPExcel_Shared_Escher $pValue
public function setEscher(PHPExcel_Shared_Escher $pValue = null)
$this->_escher = $pValue;
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